Preschool-age children are impressionable, so it isn’t so surprising to hear that the food ads they see on TV influence them to overeat and consume unnecessary calories, as a study by researchers at Dartmouth University shows. [1]
The small study, published, in the journal Pediatrics, shows that the food ads young children see on TV while watching their favorite shows can sway them to overeat even when they’re not hungry.
The research is believed to be the first of its kind to measure the impact that food ads have on preschoolers’ snacking habits, according to the lead author of the study, Jennifer Emond. Most of the studies conducted up to this point have focused primarily on the effect of food advertising on school-age kids or older children, but Emond says unhealthy junk food is marketed on TV to kids as young as 2.
She explains:
“Overall, our research suggests that exposure to food ads can prime eating behaviors in young children that tells children to respond to external signals instead of listening to their own internal signals of fullness and hunger. That learned response may set children up for developing poor eating habits that contribute to obesity.”
Too Young to Know Better
For the study, 60 children ages 2 to 5 were shown a 14-minute segment of “Elmo’s World” from the kids’ classic show “Sesame Street.” Half of the kids watched the segment with intermittent food ads, while the other half watched the segment embedded with a mix of department store ads.
Before the showing, all of the children were provided with both a sweet and salty snack. The same salty snacks provided were featured in the food advertisements shown to some of the youngsters.
The researchers found that the children who watched the segment with the food ads consumed about 30 more calories in snacks on average than the children who watched the segment with the department store ads. [2]
Source: Obesity Action Coalition
Furthermore, the kids who watched the segment peppered with food ads consumed more of the advertised salty snack than the sweet snack. They chowed down on the salty munchies even if they’d never had it before. [1]
Read: McDonald’s, Burger King Lure Kids With Toys And Targeted Ads
The parents reported the children watched TV about an hour a day. If they ate 30 extra calories in a quarter-hour, that’s 120 extra calories per day. [2]
Emond says:
“That was surprising because it demonstrated the powerful effect food advertising can have on priming potentially unhealthy eating behaviors at a young age.” [1]
The study concludes:
“Findings suggest that food advertisement exposure may encourage obesogenic-eating behaviors among the very young.” [2]
Dr. Allison Stakovsky, a pediatrician at Cohen Children’s Medical Center in New Hyde Park, New York, said:
“We already know that television viewing is an important environmental influence on the development of obesity. Kids who watch more television are more likely to be overweight. Kids who have a television in their bedroom are more likely to be overweight.” [3]
Teaching Kids to Overeat
Eating an extra 120 calories a day can be harmful enough to kids’ health in today’s sedentary world, but there is another aspect of the study that’s equally troubling and perhaps more dangerous in the long-term. Emond says that TV snack ads send a damaging message that subconsciously gets burned into children’s developing brains.
She explains:
“It’s training kids to not trust their internal hunger signals. The food industry here [in the United States] is self-regulating. We need to speak out in favor of regulation.” [2]
Read: Kids’ Brains Imprinted With Fast-Food Logos
For example, Emond points out, a law in the United Kingdom prevents marketing food to children. But since no such law existed in the United States, Emond says parents have to be especially proactive about guarding their children’s eyes, brains, and eating habits. In her home, she deals with the issue by eliminating commercial television and subscribing to a service like Netflix.
Dana Angelo-White, a dietitian and clinical assistant professor at Quinnipiac University in Hamden, Connecticut, adds:
“Efforts should be made towards eating as a family and focusing on conversation instead of the distraction of TV. Screen time should be limited during meal and snack times, regardless of what type of programming they could be exposed to.” [3]
Sources:
[1] CNN
[2] Healthline
[3] HealthDay
Obesity Action Coalition