The UN Security Council is expected to vote today on a draft resolution rejecting the recent move by US President Donald Trump to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, widely condemned around the world.
As Israel’s biggest ally – the US gives Israel around $3bn in aid annually, largely military, each year – a UN Security Council vote was always going to be ambitious.
The US, as one of the UN’s five permanent members – alongside the UK, France, Russia and China – retains a veto power on any draft resolution presented to the Security Council. The other 10 rotating powers do not hold such a veto.
So while the Egyptian-drafted text has broad support among the 15-member council, according to diplomats, it is unlikely to be adopted, given the US veto.
The US has used its veto power 42 times against draft Security Council resolutions pertaining to Israel, according to the Jewish Virtual Library, since it first began using the veto in 1970.
First veto
A Lebanese couple walks past a US-built M60 tank of the Israel Army parked outside Bhamdoun, Lebanon, on June 29, 1982, in the vicinity of the Beirut-Damascus Highway. (AP/Nash)
The first, resolution S/10784, expressed deep concern “at the deteriorating situation in the Middle East” and was aimed at Israeli aggression on the Lebanese border.
Drafted by Guinea, Yugoslavia and Somalia, the resolution was vetoed only by the US. Panama abstained.
Several similar resolutions were also vetoed by the US in the intervening years – in 1975, the year civil war broke out in Lebanon, resolution S/11898 called on “Israel to desist forthwith from all military attacks against Lebanon.” Again, the US was the only veto.
In 1982, the year which saw some of the fiercest Israeli aggression against Lebanon, Spain presented a draft resolution which demanded Israel “withdraw all its military forces forthwith and unconditionally to the internationally recognized boundaries of Lebanon,” within six hours. The US vetoed.
And again in 1985, 1986 and 1988, the US vetoed similar resolutions. The Lebanese civil war ended in 1990, but Israel did not withdraw from the south of the country until 2000.
Jerusalem
Arabs are led blindfolded to interrogation by Israeli soldiers in the old city of Jerusalem, June 8, 1967. (AP Photo)
The Final Status issue of Jerusalem, which the Oslo Accord stipulated would be discussed only in the latter stages of any peace deal between Israel and Palestine, has long been the target of the US veto at the UN.
Draft resolution S/12022, introduced in 1976, called on Israel to protect the “Holy Places which are under its occupation.”
It said it was “Deeply concerned further at the measures taken by the Israeli authorities leading to the present grave situation including measures aimed at changing the physical, cultural, demographic and religious character of the occupied territories.”
The US was the only country to vote against the draft text.
In 1982, Morocco, Iran, Jordan and Uganda presented a draft resolution after an Israeli soldier shot at Muslims, killing at least two, within the Al-Aqsa compound in Jerusalem.
It called upon “the occupying Power [Israel], to observe and apply scrupulously the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention and the principles of international law governing military occupation and to refrain from causing any hindrance to the discharge of the established functions of the Higher Islamic Council in Jerusalem.”
Referring to the Al-Aqsa compound in the Old City of Jerusalem, the text referred to the site as “one of the holiest places of mankind”.
It reiterated the “unique status of Jerusalem and, in particular, the need for protection and preservation of the spiritual and religious dimension of the Holy Places in the city”.
A further draft text calling on Israel to respect Muslim holy places was vetoed by the US in 1986.
Palestine
Palestinian protesters carry national flags and plant olive trees facing the Israeli settlement of Beitar Illit during a protest marking Land Day, in the village of Wadi Fukin, near the West Bank city of Bethlehem, March 30, 2015. Land Day commemorates riots on March 30, 1976, when six people were killed during a protest by Israeli Arabs whose property was annexed in northern Israel to expand Jewish communities. (AP/Mahmoud Illean)
In 1976, the US vetoed a resolution calling on Israel to withdraw from all Palestinian territory – in this case, the UK, Sweden and Italy abstained.
A draft text presented by Tunisia in 1980 stressed the “inalienable rights of the Palestinian people”. The US voted against the draft text; the UK, France, Norway and Portugal abstained.
Resolutions condemning Israeli settlements were blocked only by the US in 1983, 1997 and 2011.
And in 2004 and 2006, the US refused to call on Israel to halt wars against Gaza, which together killed hundreds of civilians.
Obama’s last stand
In this photo provided by the United Nations, members of the United Nations Security council vote at the United Nations headquarters on Friday, Dec. 23, 2016, in favor of condemning Israel for its practice of establishing settlements in the West Bank and east Jerusalem. In a striking rupture with past practice, the U.S. allowed the vote, not exercising its veto. (Manuel Elias/The United Nations via AP)
But in late 2016, following the election of Donald Trump but before he took office, the US abstained from a vote on Israeli settlements.
It was the first time in four decades that a UN resolution condemning Israel had passed.
This was despite the US using its veto against a similar vote in 2011, and the only time the administration of Barack Obama had wielded its veto during his presidency.
Citing the lack of any visible progress in terms of the peace process, US ambassador to the UN Samantha Power said that: “One cannot simultaneously champion expanding Israeli settlements and champion a viable two-state solution that would end the conflict. One had to make a choice between settlements and separation.”
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said it was a “shameful” move by the US.
The Palestinian leadership has now said it may turn to the UN General Assembly if Washington vetoes the draft UN Security Council resolution, where support among member countries for Palestine has been strong for many years.
Top photo | U.S. Ambassador Nikki Haley, left, and Israel’s Ambassador Danny Danon confer before a Security Council meeting at United Nations headquarters, Dec. 8, 2017. (AP/Richard Drew)
© Middle East Eye
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