This Day In History – October 13

54 – Roman Emperor Claudius is poisoned to death under mysterious circumstances. His 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him to the Roman throne.
409 – Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees and appeared in Hispania.
1244 – Jaques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templars (d. 1314) Birthed
1282 – Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
1307 – Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a “confession” of heresy.
1775 – The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
1792 – In Washington, D.C., the (Masonic) cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
1792 – “Old Farmer’s Almanac” is 1st published
1812 – War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.

1843 – B’nai B’rith founded (NY)- This NGO is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B’nai B’rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel. – In recent years, the organization reported more than 200,000 members and supporters in more than 50 countries and a budget of $14,000,000. Nearly 95% of the membership is in the United States. B’nai B’rith International is affiliated with the World Jewish Congress. (More: B’nai B’rith – The Jewish Secret Society that Dominates America)
1845 – A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution that, if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
1864 – Maryland voters adopt new constitution, including abolition of slavery
1870 – Gustav Mahler (10) gives his 1st public piano concert

1871 – The Delphic Fraternity is founded as the Delphic
Society at the State Normal School in Geneseo, New York.
1890 – The Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
1902 – President Roosevelt threatens to start using army troops to work coal mines struck since 12 may; this brings the owners to agree to abide by a Commission of Arbitration
1914 – Boston Braves sweep Phila A’s, 1st sweep in World Series history
1917 – The “Miracle of the Sun” is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal.
1921 – The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to establish the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.
1925 – Margaret Thatcher, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2013) was birthed
1938 – E. C. Segar, American cartoonist, created Popeye (b. 1894) died.
1938 – Heavy Chinese reinforcements are being rushed to Watchow to engage the new large Japanese expeditionary force numbering over 35,000 . Fighting is intensifying as the Japanese proceed further inland trying to gain control over major transport routes including railway lines.
1941 – Paul Simon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Simon & Garfunkel) was born.
1947 – Sammy Hagar, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Van Halen, Chickenfoot, Montrose, and Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve) was born.
1943 – World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
1952 – Concerns are growing over the mounting public debt which is predicted to reach 268 billion dollars by the end of the financial year.
1954 – Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician / Whistle Blower, Born
1956 – Chris Carter, American television producer (X Files / Lone Gunman) Born
1958 – Paddington Bear, a classic character from English children’s literature, makes his debut.
1959 – Marie Osmond, Ogden Ut, singer/actress (Paper Roses, Goin’ Coconuts) Born
1960 – Joey Belladonna, American singer-songwriter (Anthrax) was born.

1960 – Opponents of Fidel Castro executed in Cuba
1960 – Television sets across the United States showed a split screen with Republican presidential nominee Richard M. Nixon on one side and Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kennedy on the other during their third televised debate. They were actually thousands of miles apart and not in the same studio
1960 – Ari Fleischer, American journalist, 24th White House Press Secretary was birthed.
1962 – Jerry Rice, Starkville Mississippi, NFL wide receiver (San Francisco 49ers) Born
1966 – New laws passed in white controlled South Africa allow for detention without trial or warrant by a Police Lieutenant Colonel or other high ranking Police Officer anywhere, any person he suspects of security offences without trial or charge for 28 days.
1969 – Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater was born.
1970 – Angela Davis arrested in NYC
1971 – Sacha Baron Cohen, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter was born.
1972 – Plane crash survivors resort to cannibalism after being lost in the Andes for two months have admitted they ate the flesh of dead companions to stay alive, 16 of the original 45 passengers survived the ordeal and defended their cannibalism .
1974 – Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse) Born
1974 – Ed Sullivan, American television host (b. 1901) died
1975 – Rock singer Neil Young undergoes throat surgery
1976 – A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).
1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.
1977 – Paul Pierce, American basketball player (Celtics!) Born
1978 – US President Jimmy Carter answers callers’ questions on National Public Radio
1978 – Swaziland’s new constitution promulgated bans political parties

1982 – IOC Executive Committee approves the reinstatement of Jim Thorpe’s gold medals from the 1912 Olympics
1983 – Ameritech Mobile Communications (now AT&T Inc.) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
1987 – 1st military use of trained dolphins (US Navy in Persian Gulf)
1988 – Shroud of Turin, revered by many Christians as Christ’s burial cloth, is shown by carbon-dating tests to be a fake from the Middle Ages
1993 – Wade Flemons, American singer-songwriter (Earth, Wind & Fire) (b. 1940) died.
1997 – Andy Green’s Jet-powered car reaches record 749.69 MPH
2008 – HM Treasury infused £37 billion ($64 billion, 47 billion euros) of new capital-bailout into Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc, Lloyds TSB and HBOS Plc, to avert a financial sector collapse.
2010 – The 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Copiapó, Chile comes to an end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground awaiting rescue.
2012 – Gerhard Richter’s Abstraktes Bild sells for $34 million, the highest sold artwork by a living artist

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