63 BC – Augustus, Roman emperor (d. 14) was born.
1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.
1459 – Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.
1641 – The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure worth over a billion US dollars, is lost at sea off Land’s End.
1779 – American Revolution: John Paul Jones on board the USS Bonhomme Richard wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.
1780 – American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold’s change of sides.
1803 – Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
1806 – Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.
1846 – Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.
1869 – Typhoid Mary, Irish-American carrier of Typhoid fever (d. 1938) was born.
1889 – Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.
1899 – American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.
1905 – Norway and Sweden sign the “Karlstad treaty”, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
1920 – Mickey Rooney, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2014) was born.
1943 – World War II: The Nazi puppet state the Italian Social Republic is founded.
1945 – Ron Bushy, American drummer (Iron Butterfly) was born.
1949 – Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (E Street Band and Steel Mill) was born
1950 – Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurred.
1952 – Richard Nixon makes his “Checkers speech”.
1962 – The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.
1969 – The Chicago Eight trial opens in Chicago.
1983 – Gulf Air Flight 771 is bombed, killing all 117 people on board.
1992 – A large Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb destroys forensic laboratories in Belfast.
1999 – NASA announces that it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter.
2012 – Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (b. 1920) died.