1832 – Black Hawk War: Around three-hundred United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield – Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.
1892 – Mary Pickford, Canadian-American actress, co-founded United Artists (d. 1979) was born.
1895 – In Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.
1904 – British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of The Book of the Law.
1904 – Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.
1906 – Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, dies.
1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
1918 – Betty Ford, American wife of Gerald R. Ford, 40th First Lady of the United States (d. 2011) was born.
1918 – World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City’s financial district.
1929 – Indian Independence Movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
1935 – As part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “New Deal” The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act creates The WPA or Works Progress Administration for creating government jobs for some of the nation’s many unemployed. The WPA employed more than 8.5 million persons on 1.4 million public projects before it was disbanded in 1943
1937 – Seymour Hersh, American journalist and author was born.
1938 – Kofi Annan, Ghanaian diplomat, 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations was born.
1943 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis
1952 – U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills to prevent a nationwide strike.
1959 – The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.
1960 – The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.
1970 – Bahr el-Baqar incident: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. 46 children are killed.
1977 – The Clash an English punk rock band,and part of the original wave of British punk rock release their first album “The Clash ” . The Clash had their first gig supporting the Sex Pistols in 1976
1990 – Ryan White, American activist, inspired the Ryan White Care Act (b. 1971) died
1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.
2013 – Margaret Thatcher, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1925) died
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