A selective antibiotic for Lyme disease

Language
English

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Average: 7.5 (2 votes)

Cell
 

. 2021 Oct 14;184(21):5405-5418.e16.
 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.011. Epub 2021 Oct 6.

Nadja Leimer 1Xiaoqian Wu 1Yu Imai 1Madeleine Morrissette 1Norman Pitt 1Quentin Favre-Godal 1Akira Iinishi 1Samta Jain 1Mariaelena Caboni 1Inga V Leus 2Vincent Bonifay 2Samantha Niles 1Rachel Bargabos 1Meghan Ghiglieri 1Rachel Corsetti 1Megan Krumpoch 1Gabriel Fox 1Sangkeun Son 1Dorota Klepacki 3Yury S Polikanov 4Cecily A Freliech 5Julie E McCarthy 5Diane G Edmondson 6Steven J Norris 6Anthony D'Onofrio 1Linden T Hu 5Helen I Zgurskaya 2Kim Lewis 

Abstract

Lyme disease is on the rise. Caused by a spirochete Borreliella burgdorferi, it affects an estimated 500,000 people in the United States alone. The antibiotics currently used to treat Lyme disease are broad spectrum, damage the microbiome, and select for resistance in non-target bacteria. We therefore sought to identify a compound acting selectively against B. burgdorferi. A screen of soil micro-organisms revealed a compound highly selective against spirochetes, including B. burgdorferi. Unexpectedly, this compound was determined to be hygromycin A, a known antimicrobial produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Hygromycin A targets the ribosomes and is taken up by B. burgdorferi, explaining its selectivity. Hygromycin A cleared the B. burgdorferi infection in mice, including animals that ingested the compound in a bait, and was less disruptive to the fecal microbiome than clinically relevant antibiotics. This selective antibiotic holds the promise of providing a better therapeutic for Lyme disease and eradicating it in the environment.

Keywords: B. burgdorferi; Lyme disease; Spirochetes; antibiotic; microbiome; transport.