Leoni was a scholar, political philosopher, lawyer, newspaper columnist, and one of Italy's leading 20th Century classical liberals. He was a Professor of Legal Theory and the Theory of the State at the University of Previa for a quarter-century, from 1942 until his death. He founded and edited the political science journal, Il Politico. He was secretary and then president of the Mont Pelerin Society. He was an admirer of Ludwig von Mises and had a great influence on Friedrich Hayek, among others.
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